1. This study of Mali is one of six country case studies undertaken as part of an independent evaluation by the World Bank's Operations Evaluation Department (OED) of the relevance and effectiveness of Bank support for public sector capacity building in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the past ten years (1995-2004). In each case study, particular attention has been paid to the Bank's support for capacity building in four focal areas: education, health, roads and public expenditure management. 2. In the past decade, Mali has moved toward democratic rule and recorded higher economic growth than the SSA average. It has also registered reasonable improvement in its social indicators. Since the mid-1990s, the government has pursued a decentralization policy aimed at deepening the democratic process and accelerating poverty reduction through enhanced service delivery in rural areas. 3. During FY93-04, the World Bank committed a total of $775.3 million to Mali, currently the 15th largest IDA borrower in Africa. Some $160 million of investment lending has been committed in the four sectors examined in this review, of which $54 million (33 percent) was allocated to capacity building activities. In addition, the Bank provided some $180 million in adjustment/budget support of which about a quarter was aimed at capacity building objectives (as shown in Table 3.1 below). The Bank has also undertaken significant Economic and Sector Work (ESW) in Mali related to this review's four focal areas. Virtually all of this included some assessment of capacity needs. Additional support for capacity building has also been provided by the World Bank Institute (WBI) training courses and Bank-funded African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF).
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