The purpose of the Energy Sector Background Paper is to identify and evaluate the World Bank's objectives for the transition economies in the energy sector, the instruments used to pursue those objectives and the extent to which those objectives were achieved. Based upon this analysis, the paper formulates the lessons that can be learned from the Bank's experience in energy sector assistance in transition economies, particularly those that would be most useful for future lending. Using the Operations Evaluation Department (OED) database, we started by identifying all the projects in the 26 transition countries that had been reviewed by OED since 1989. We found that 102 of those projects in 24 countries had an energy component.1 We call this the OED energy transition group. The list of projects is in Annex A. The methodology was then to carry out a desk review of all OED documents available on these projects and on Bank strategy in the 24 countries, including Country Assistance Evaluations (CAEs), project performance assessments (PPARs) and evaluation summaries (ESs or EVMs). Other Bank documents were also consulted as necessary, including Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs), sector reports, World Bank publications and material produced by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) . The desk review was complemented by interviews with key regional Bank staff and written comments from outside reviewers.
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